Resumen El propósito de este trabajo es profundizar en el concepto de actividad de imagen y defender su utilidad como categoría de estudio para comprender diferentes tipos de comportamiento que afectan a la imagen social de los hablantes en la interacción comunicativa: cortesía, descortesía y actividad de autoimagen. Teniendo como base estudios sociopragmáticos del español desde una perspectiva cultural y estudios teóricos en inglés de la última década, se tratará el concepto de actividad de imagen, el cual se caracteriza de (...) acuerdo con dos conceptos claves: el del efecto social que un comportamiento comunicativo tiene sobre las imágenes de los hablantes y el del continuo social, la conexión que se establece entre sus imágenes en la interacción. De esta forma, se propone tratar la actividad de imagen desde dos perspectivas relacionadas: la de la dirección seguida por el efecto social hacia los interactuantes y la de las características de este efecto, siendo su interrelación el factor que permite identificar y caracterizar el tipo de actividad de imagen. (shrink)

Resumen El respeto interpersonal es un valor social reconocido por todo tipo de culturas, pero cuyas características pueden diferir, no solo entre lenguas, sino también entre comunidades culturales dentro de una lengua. El presente trabajo se propone estudiar este valor social en situaciones comunicativas de consulta médica dentro de la comunidad cultural de Galicia (España), con el objetivo de profundizar en sus características, funciones sociales y manifestaciones comunicativas. La finalidad es obtener una caracterización ajustada al contexto sociocultural que pueda utilizarse (...) en el análisis de las actividades de imagen producidas durante la interacción hablada. Para ello, se ha recurrido a un cuestionario de hábitos sociales a los pacientes, entrevistas a los médicos y al análisis de una consulta médica. Los resultados muestran que, como en otras comunidades de habla y de práctica, el respeto se asocia con la amabilidad, pero también presenta características propias, como es, por parte del paciente, la consideración y aceptación a la autoridad científica del médico, y, por parte del médico, la consideración por el paciente al escucharle, hablarle con sinceridad, preocuparse por él/ella y ayudarle. (shrink)

This paper presents two formation tracking control strategies for a combined set of single and double integrator agents with an arbitrary undirected communication topology. The first approach is based on the design of distance-based potential functions with interagent collision avoidance using local information about the distance and orientation between agents and the desired trajectory. The second approach adds signed area constraints to the desired formation specification and a control strategy that uses distance as well as area terms is designed to (...) achieve tracking convergence. Numerical simulations show the performance from both control laws. (shrink)

Our proposal is that there exists already a method in Husserl’s Logische Untersuchungen. Nevertheless, this method is operative, but not thematized. We characterize it as follows: analytic, descriptive, pure, reductive, intuitive, reflexive, variational and functional. Concerning Logische Untersuchungen, analysis of significations fulfills a strategic role of mediation between mathesis universalis’ analysis and phenomenology’s analysis. Finally, one of the leading features of Husserlian method is reflexion considered as anábasis of pneuma.

Objectives To develop and test two educational programmes (interactive and passive) aimed at improving family doctors' (FD) prescribing practices and patient's knowledge and use of non-opioid analgesics (NOA).Methods The educational programmes were conducted in two family medicine clinics by using a three-stage approach: baseline evaluation, design, and implementation of educational activities, and post-programme evaluation. An interactive educational programme (IEP) was compared with a passive educational programme (PEP); both were participated by FDs and patients. The IEP for FDs comprised of workshops, (...) discussion groups, in-service training and guidelines, while for patients the IEP consisted of an interactive session with a video, leaflets and a discussion. The PEP consisted in delivering the guidelines to the FDs and the leaflets to patients. The effect of the programmes on the FDs was measured through the appropriateness of prescriptions and analysed using the differences-in-differences estimator (D-in-D), and on patients through changes in self-medication and in their knowledge about the proper use and adverse events by analysing the inter- and intra-group differences before and after the programmes.Results The IEP obtained better results to improve appropriate FDs prescription of NOA than PEP (D-in-D = 15%). Regarding the patients, the PEP group reached higher reduction of self-medication than the IEP group (13.4% vs. 9.1%); the knowledge of proper NOA use increased by 8.5% in both groups, whereas knowledge of NOA-related adverse events was better in the IEP (39.6%) than in the PEP group (9.2%).Conclusions The IEP was better to improve the doctors' abilities to prescribe NOAs, and both programmes improved patients' knowledge. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: A Dark Brew: Traditional Existentialism and Community Coffee and Otherness: Community and Coffee Coffee, Community, and Hope.

In this paper, we argue that there are epistemic norms on evidence-gathering and consider consequences for how to understand epistemic normativity. Though the view that there are such norms seems intuitive, it has found surprisingly little defense. Rather, many philosophers have argued that norms on evidence-gathering can only be practical or moral. On a prominent evidentialist version of this position, epistemic norms only apply to responding to the evidence one already has. Here we challenge the orthodoxy. First, we argue that (...) there is no significant normative difference between responding to evidence you have and gathering more evidence. Second, we argue that our practices of epistemically criticizing agents for their poor evidence-gathering indicate the existence of epistemic norms on evidence-gathering. Finally, we show that our thesis has important implications for recent debates about the relationship between epistemic norms and inquiry. (shrink)

With increased visibility of trans people comes increased philosophical interest in gendered language. This chapter aims to look at the research on gendered language in analytic philosophy of language so far, which has focused on two concerns: (1) determining how to define gender terms like ‘man’ and ‘woman’ such that they are trans inclusive and (2) if, or to what extent, we should use gendered language at all. We argue that the literature has focused too heavily on how gendered language (...) can harm trans people, and has not considered how trans people use gendered language to create meaning and joy for ourselves. Pulling from the literature in sociolinguistics, we look at examples of how trans people use language to make their lives better by gaining recognition, playing with gendered language, finding joy in gendered language, and taking control of definitional power, concluding that debates about gendered language need to consider not only how such language harms trans people but also how trans people use it for our own liberation. (shrink)

Este artículo plantea la posibilidad de entender la melancolía como un paradigma hermenéutico. En concreto, se enfatiza su idoneidad como tal para interpretar aquellos textos construidos desde la voz de un Yo. Los diversos trabajos que Jean Starobinski ha dedicado a dicho concepto y, sobre todo, su texto capital L’encre de la mélancolie (2012), serán el eje en torno al cual gire esta propuesta –esta tentativa crítica–; desde esta obra, remitiremos a otros autores esenciales, como Aristóteles, Sigmund Freud, Julia Kristeva (...) o Roger Bartra. Nuestra argumentación se divide en tres etapas: primero indagamos en el juego de contrarios que ha lastrado la historia conceptual de la melancolía, después ahondamos en el desplazamiento, el desdoblamiento y el exceso como núcleos de sentido del paradigma hermenéutico propuesto, y culminamos con una aplicación analítica, que nos conducirá a unas conclusiones en torno a la crítica. (shrink)

This article analyzes the political uses of social media in Spain and the functions of digital communities that are generated through them. The 2018 European Social Survey for Spain, the General Elections Post-Election Study of November 2019 and the CIS Post-Election Barometer of the same election are used. In addition, almost half a million tweets are analyzed in response to the messages emitted on Twitter by the main candidates in the April elections. As a result, there is a polarized use (...) of social networks to inform and participate. Also, the existence of two groups within the digital communities that carry out the orientation or discussion process. Likewise, as the date of the elections approaches, the dynamics of competition are not constructed based on the left-right logic, but on a government-opposition key. (shrink)

The term political religion was coined by Eric Voegelin in 1938. This article proposes its application to Islamism, as a way to explain the rise of this ideology in the contemporay Arab World. Nevertheless, the primordial aim of the study is to expound the historical background of Islamism, an ideology born in the political and cultural turn, known as Modernity in the beginning of the XX century. The radicalization of Islamism is analysed as the consequence of the lack of democracy, (...) the political manipulation of religion made both by local and foreign states, and recently, the political breakdown created by the various wars that are developping in some Muslim countries. (shrink)

En primer lugar, el presente artículo analiza la potencialidad que tienen las prácticas artísticas y manifestaciones culturales desarrolladas en zonas periféricas, urbano-marginales de la ciudad de Guayaquil como un mecanismo de integración y cohesión social para prevenir la violencia. Para ello, metodológicamente se propone un abordaje cualitativo de experiencias desarrolladas en este campo por instituciones de cooperación al desarrollo, que trabajan en articulación con la Universidad de las Artes. Se parte entonces de la recopilación de evidencia documentada de ejecución de (...) proyectos, entrevistas y textos académicos, para luego desarrollar un análisis e interpretación de los procesos y resultados alcanzados en esas intervenciones realizadas principalmente en sectores como Isla Trinitaria y barrios del Noroeste de Guayaquil, sitios de alta conflictividad e inseguridad. En segundo lugar, se lleva a cabo un estudio analítico sobre algunos pensadores que tratan el tema de la violencia y de la paz. Estos estudios pueden iluminar y ofrecer herramientas teóricas para la resolución de conflictos. No todo está perdido y sin esperanza, es posible (re) construir y recuperar la armonía perdida. (shrink)

El presente artículo aborda los engranajes entre escritura y ciudadanía que plantea el poemario de Elvira Hernández, Estado de sitio. Para ello, considera los factores de orden sociocultural que acompañaron su producción, circulación y recepción crítica, en el contexto del estallido social de octubre 2019 en Chile, la coyuntura feminista y el actual proceso constituyente. Hitos de nuestra historia reciente frente a los cuales la poeta se posiciona ética y estéticamente desde una concepción política de la palabra como litigio, (...) esto es, una disputa –discursiva y social– por la enunciación de (en) lo común. (shrink)

Understanding Computers and Cognition presents an important and controversial new approach to understanding what computers do and how their functioning is related to human language, thought, and action. While it is a book about computers, Understanding Computers and Cognition goes beyond the specific issues of what computers can or can't do. It is a broad-ranging discussion exploring the background of understanding in which the discourse about computers and technology takes place. Understanding Computers and Cognition is written for a wide audience, (...) not just those professionals involved in computer design or artificial intelligence. It represents an important contribution to the ongoing discussion about what it means to be a machine, and what it means to be human. Book jacket. (shrink)

In this article, I offer a methodological analysis of the empirical research on the causal effects of trade liberalisation, and assess whether such studies can be of any use for guiding policy prescriptions in real-world economies. The analysis focuses on the mainstream economic research that has been used to support arguments in favour of trade liberalisation during the last decades. Even though there are empirical results that could be taken as valid evidence for a causal connection between free trade and (...) economic gains, none of the existing evidence licences trustworthy inferences about the policy effectiveness of trade liberalisation reforms in real-world cases. There are three aspects of the empirical literature that make it highly problematic for making reliable policy inferences: (a) the criteria used to define the notion of ‘free trade’, (b) the background assumptions embedded in the econometric techniques used for estimating causal effects, and (c) the widespread desire among academic economists to attain scientific results in terms of universally valid generalisations. The analysis exposes a worrisome mismatch between, on the one hand, the research aims and outcomes of scientific economics and, on the other, the kind of evidence that would be useful for guiding actual policy deliberations. (shrink)

Le présent article analyse les lieux significatifs dans la vie du philosophe espagnol José Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955) en relation avec Madrid, la ville qui le vit naître et mourir, et où il réalisa la majeure partie de son travail d'enseignant à l'Université centrale ainsi que certains des cours et conférences les plus remarquables de son œuvre, comme ¿Qué es Filosofía?, ou la Fondation de l'Institut d'Humanités, avec son disciple Julián Marías (1914-2005). C'est aussi dans la capitale espagnole que le (...) penseur dirigea certaines publications de grande qualité, comme España, El Espectador ou la Revista de Occidente, dans lesquelles furent publiées les traductions espagnoles de certaines des œuvres d'Edmund Husserl ou de Max Scheler. (shrink)

This research was carried out in a classroom of the center of comprehensive family development in the municipality of Durango, Mexico. The center trains young people in making crafts. From these young people, 13 teenage mothers ages 15-23, all victims of abuse as children, were selected. With this group, we implemented the philosophical-pedagogical proposal called "Philosophy for children and teenagers," first developed by the American philosopher Matthew Lipman. The main goal was to form a "community of inquiry," where through philosophical (...) dialogue the participants developed cognitive skills, allowing them to share, in an ethical and moral dialogue, their life experiences within a democratic setting. The results were demonstrated through the disclosures made by the participants during the philosophical dialogues, We also recorded the cognitive abilities detected over 20 sessions. We contrast the results with the theories to demonstrate the participants’ cognitive changes. We also observed unexpected findings in other academic fields that facilitate ethical and moral thinking. (shrink)

This study examines the relationship between cooperative business relations in small businesses and environmental protection, one of the most important policies of social responsibility in manufacturing. We reviewed the literature and carried out an empirical study of 930 small manufacturing firms in Spain. Results indicate that small businesses that maintain and improve their cooperative relations through business networking with universities, competitors, suppliers and customers spend more on environmental protection. The managerial, practical, research and policy implications of the obtained research findings (...) are discussed. (shrink)

The building of itself is an act moved from the hopes and dreams of becoming. Dreams project a future that can be, and hope is the force required to achieve them. The life project is an exercise in awareness that begins with imagining what you want to be and be aware of the relationship with the world. Leisure is lived from internal motivations and is auto-condicionated to seek the opportunities realization of dreams. Education for Leisure must recover the ideals of (...) life, learning to live the leisure, and spark the imagination for the realization of dreams. This paper presents the research results on what you want to be and how to realize them in their free time; this is a descriptive case study investigation with the phenomenological method. (shrink)

This text seeks to introduce a question related to the place that philosophy occupies within the contemporary scene, thus opening a problematization regarding whether it can respond to the demands imposed on it by the present. In this regard, we seek to rethink the notion of philosophy from a standpoint that rescues its practical, material, and affective dimensions, making visible the transformative impulse that it can have with respect to the usual meanings associated with disciplinary production linked to the traditional (...) division between theory and practice, thus opening it to a dimension that recognizes the implicating (creative, interventional) role that philosophy has in the production of reality. (shrink)